Describing a depth experience Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Describing a depth experience - Essay Example . . 1 For those of who still maintain religious belief in these troubled times, this formulation sounds very familiar. It is far too easy to lose ourselves in the material world and forget that there is something more out there—something that means more than what we can see around us. Accordingly, in this essay, I will try to describe my own experience with â€Å"depth.† When I was around sixteen years old, I was very troubled. I had many doubts about myself and about the world in general. I was confused and somewhat unhappy. I had lots of friends and played many sports, but nevertheless I was sometimes left at a loss as to how to explain the world to myself. Some days everything would just seem to be too much for me, and I would go to a quiet place to be alone and think about things. One spring my family and I took a vacation to the island of Malta. Malta is a small island in the Mediterranean near Sicily. It is only about 300 square kilometres in size but there are many people living there. The island is very historic, with many old churches and a deep and abiding faith in Catholicism. When I first arrived in Malta, I didn’t like it very much. It seemed too cramped and small. Although the weather was sunny and warm, the food was not very good and many of the cars and buildings seemed old and decrepit. So I had gone to Malta with a closed-mind and it was hard for me to appreciate it. One day, when I was walking by myself on a beach, I stopped to buy a soda from an old man who was selling drinks near the water. He must have been in his eighties; the skin on his face looked like battered leather. As I was paying for the soda, the man asked me, â€Å"Tell me, son, why do you look so lonely and lost.† I was a bit taken aback. I told him I was just walking along the beach for fresh air. He said, â€Å"Have you come to Malta on a pilgrimage? Did you know this is a very holy place? Many famous men have come to his island to discover something about themselves.

Bahrains Uprising Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Bahrains Uprising - Essay Example Several years have seen discontent on the rise among the people as well as growing demands for freedom of speech, independence of the judicial system, the release of political prisoners, and a new constitution. The source of discontent is clear at the beginning of the Bahraini uprising at the period of Arab spring, but the mode of propagation of the discontent could be debated from different viewpoints with major contention focusing on whether social media had a significant impact in the Bahraini uprising (Wehrey, 2013). Howard and Hussain (2011) addressed the issue of social media in the uprising giving a number of opinions while Wehrey (2013) gives his views on the Pearl Roundabout uprising in his 2013 article titled ‘Bahrain’s Decade of Discontent’. Howard and Hassan (2011) are of the opinion that digital media is what helped in turning community-specific, localized and individualized dissent from its original setting into movements that were designed for share d grievances and which provided an opportunity for action. Wehrey (2013), on the other hand, purports that while digital activists in the Middle East are to be credited with some accomplishments like documenting police brutality, the underlying social, religious, political, and historical aspects engrained in the uprising far outweigh the impact of social media in sparking the protests. The viewpoints regarding the impact of social media in the Bahraini Uprising may differ, but certainly, common ground exists based on the shared passion for overall change in the regime from the current oppressive one to a more democratic one. The shared concern expressed in both articles is the necessity for reforms in the political system of Bahrain. The social upheavals in Bahrain are a result of a series of collective issues that have led the people to seek change in power dynamics.  

Negative Impact of Facebook on the Young People in Vietnam

Negative Impact of Facebook on the Young People in Vietnam Tran Tri Duc Introduction: Definition and related concept: What is social network? A social structure made of nodes that are generally individuals or organizations. A social network represents relationships and flows between people, groups, organizations, animals, computers or other information/knowledge processing entities (J. A. Barnes, 1954) What is Facebook? Facebook is a social network where you can show information about yourself, and communicate with groups of friends (dictionary.cambridge.org). So with Facebook, everyone can communicate more easily. Facebook like the second friend of each other. There is one fun fact about Facebook. According to TechAddiction, if Facebook is a country, it would have been the third country that have the most population in the world (http://www.techaddiction.ca/facebook-addiction-statistics.html). Introduction: In Vietnam nowadays, social network is very popular for everyone, especially for young people. One of the most popular social network is Facebook. It had come to Vietnam for a long time. Because of the appearance of Facebook, there are a lot of benefit come from Facebook such as finding friend, communicate more easily, etc. But beside these advandtages, Facebook also occurs some disadvandtages for young people in Vietnam today. The research will look into the negative impact of Facebook on young people in Vietnam, and then give some solution to reduce the harm of Facebook in Vietnam. Situation: Situation around Facebook: Facebook become the largest social network in Vietnam right now, ranked 45 out of 213 countries in socialbakers’s statistics in 2012 . According to the web site name wearesocial.net about the Facebook users in 2012, the users was 8,5 million people in Vietnam, 3 times as many as it was in 2009, surpass Zing Me about the users (8,2 million users). The speed of Facebook registration in Vietnam is very fast, about one person every 3 second. Geographical scopes: International: Facebook occurs almost in all countries in the world. According to giaiphapsem.net, Facebook have an enormous users in the world. In August 2013, there are 1,15 million people use Facebook, approximately 699 million people out of 1,15 million use Facebook everyday in all over the world. The avarage duration of a Facebook user in one day is 20 minutes. (http://giaiphapsem.net/thong-ke-khung-ve-so-nguoi-su-dung-facebook/). All of these data have demonstreated that Facebook is becoming the largest and the most popular social network in the world. National: In 2013, Vietnam ranked 16th in the world in the rate of growth of the Facebook users (according to the results of Socialbakers SocialTimes.Me’s reasearch 2013) The information have shown that Facebook is very popular in Vietnam nowadays. In the future, the people use Facebook will increase rapidly. Statistics about the Facebook users: According to socialbakers, the Facebook users in Vietnam is between 18 to 24 years old, the ages of colledge students, about 56%, take up more than half of all ages. The chart below show the percentage of the social network use in Vietnam in January 2014: The chart had shown that Facebook had the most users in Vietnan (95%) in January 2014. That mean Facebook is now very popular in Vetnam, a lot of people is using it today and it will increase the users in the future. Also by SocialBakers’s statistics, similar to other countries, the imbalance of gender on facebook also occurred in Vietnam. They had shown that the gender which use Facebook most in Vietnam is male (54%), more than a half. Problem The circumstances that lead to Facebook: Beacause of the popularity of Facebook, everyone in Vietnam use Facebook a lot, and that causes some negative issues for anyone who use Facebook too much. The other reasons why Vietnamese people use Facebook a a lot is that they want to communicate to each other easier. Facebook is more convinient then the mobile phone because Facebook doesn’t cost any money to communicate, which mean people is now keep in touch with each other very easy. The problem of Facebook in Vietnam: Facebook addiction: The first problem everyone will think is the Facebook addiction. Many people in Vietnam have the Facebook addiction. Vietnamese people use Facebook very much, in accordance with the statistics, Vietnamese young people use Facebook approximately 60 minutes per day. Some people use it every minute. However, the most people in Vietnam can’t take their eyes out of the computer screen when they use Facebook. Infer from GlobalWebIndex, the ratings of Vietnam is 10, out of 32countries have a Facebook addiction. The picture below show the coutries that have the most Facebook users. There are many reasons to explain the Facebook addiction, in that case, Dr. Brent Conrad, Clinical Psycologist for TechAddiction, have provided some reason for this problem. There are 21 reasons for that situation but here are 3 most popular reason why people in Vietnam like to use Facebook and use Facebook very much: -The first reason he gave is that Facebook allow people to catch-up very easy. Everyone can easily create an account and add some friend, they just the instucture, which doesn’t cost to much time to do, and then they will have an account. Moreover, the users don’t need to activate Facebook account so that they can easily have an acount. -Related to the first point, the secon reason he pointed out is the easily information sharing. According to that reason, Facebook allows people to share their information, include their personal information. Because of that, people can get the information of the others very fast. -The last reason is they want to tell the world that they are not alone. Today, many people in Vietnam have a lot of work to do, so that they don’t have time to have the social communicate, they can easily feel alone. With that situation, they go to Facebook to have more communication with other people to feel better and to say that they are not alone. (http://www.techaddiction.ca/why-is-facebook-addictive.html.) Virtual life: The another problem is the virtual life of many people in Vietnam today. They spend a lot of time to log in to Facebook sometimes for no reason. They use it at school, at home, even when they hang out with their friend. Facebook users who have a virtual life usually don’t want to go out and play with their friends. Even when they hang out with their friend, they also log on Facebook and don’t listen to the conversation. The people who have the virtual life on Facebook have a lot of expression. -The first thing they have is that they can’t get rid of Facebook. For more detail, they always say the word â€Å"Facebook† eveytime, everywhere, and they always think to Facebook whatever they do, even when they go out and play with their friends. For example, when they go out and eat something with their friends, or go to the movie theatre, they always take some pictures about the meals or the movie tickets to post on Facebook, they think that when they take these pictures, the meals or the movie could be more interesting. -The another expression is that they really proud of themselves when they have a lot of friends or followers on Facebook, they think that when someone have a lot of friends or followers on Facebook that mean that one can be very popular, even when they don’t have any reputation. -The last thing is that they very admire the â€Å"like† or â€Å"comment† on their Facebook. They love them too much that they don’t want to eat or do something good for their health. They say that they do not have to eat because when the â€Å"like† or â€Å"comment† increase, they feel vey full and healthy. Wasting too much time: The next problem usually happen to students. Facebook take too much of their time. They spend to much time on Facebook and then they lose their time for studying or playing with their family. The sequel is the decline in studying, or working. Therefore, some students have a bad results in study, and more terrible is that they can be repetition. Information leaked: The last problem is the most common problem on Facebook right now. It is the leak of information, especially personal information. The users can easily be stolen their information, the stealers can get the users information by a lot of way. However, the two most popular way is hacking or using viruses. -The first way is hacking. Sometimes, Facebook users are hacked by the hackers to get their information, and then the hackers can use the account they just hacked to trick the hacked users’s friends. The second purpose is that, the hackers can take the users’s information to extort the account owners. -The other way is using viruses, they use viruses and attack their target. With the viruses, the theft can easily get the information and then do the same way with the hackers. The picture below show the virus is being used nowaday http://www.thanhnien.com.vn/cong-nghe-thong-tin/xuat-hien-virus-lua-dao-tren-facebook-messenger-447076.html. To conclusion, hacking or using viruses can get the Facebook users’s information for many reason, for fun or for some bad aim. The users have to be careful with the weird link that appear in their Facebook. Solution: In Vietnam, the government had promulgated a lot of solution to reduce the use of Facebook, or to protect the Facebook users out of the problem that had been mentioned in previous part (especially information leaked) Reduce the use of Facebook: A lot of solutions had been propounded to reduce the use of Facebook. Here are some solutions that help to reduce it. -Vietnam used to forbade Facebook to prevent the increase the users and prevent the information leaked. Now, although the government allowed to use Facebook, however, they still raise the awareness to reduce the number of Facebook users. -Some family in Vietnam allow their children to access Facebook in a certain time, also call it the curfew time. By this way, the children can control their time on Facebook wisely. -Many schools or organisations in Vietnam open the communication classes or soft skill classes, like in OISP or the University of Natural Science. With these classes, people can get more confident and communication skill and prepare for a good real life communication. Protect the users from information leaked: Vietnam had enacted some solutions to protect, included some court of law to prevent users from being hacked or stolen information. Such as: -The government have some instruction about setting privacy on Facebook to prevent the hackers (http://vietlq.com/chong-hack-tai-khoan-facebook-nhung-cai-dat-bao-mat-ban-can-biet/.) -To help the users prevent the viruses, Vietnam government have some program to find and destroy the viruses, such as the BKAV (Bach Khoa Anti Virus) or the Avast. -Another way is that, the government also have a policy and law to ban the thefts and also raise the awareness to their people. Evaluation: Although these solutions seem very good, but teaching communication skills is the most effective solution of them all. However, that solution still have some advantages and disadvantages effect to Vietnamese people: Advantages: The previous part had mentioned some good effect of having communication class, it will help the users have more confident and communication skill to have a good conversation in the real life. The second benefit of communication is that the users will have a true feelings about everything. For example, a man always uses Facebook will never have a real emotions, because Facebook can’t transmit the true feelings of human, although Facebook have the emotion icon on messenger, however, that is not enough to let people know the feelling of each other. With the true feelings, human can build up a good relationship with each other. The last benefit of the communication skills is creating a strong attraction for people. If someone have good communication skills, that one will have more attraction to the other people. Disadvantages: Although teaching communication skill is the best solution, it still have some disadvantages. Because the communication class is very new with Vietnamese people, some people don’t want to learn it. To have good communication skills, the learner have to spend a lot of time learning it, so it cost to much time to learn. Conclusion: To sum up, although Facebook have a lot of benefits, it also cause some bad effect to Vietnamese people. In that case, the government should have some good policy to reduce the use of Facebook, and protect the Facebook users from the problem of Facebook (especially the information leaked). Furthermore, Vietnamese people should learn to communicate with other people to reduce the bad effect of Facebook. References: â€Å"Company Info | Facebook Newsroom†. Facebook. September 30, 2014. â€Å"Facebook Reports First Quarter 2013 Results†.FB. March 12, 2013. Ben Stocking (November 17, 2009).â€Å"Vietnam Internet users fear Facebook blackout† Red lines that cannot be crossed, The Economist, July 24, 2008 Cluley, Graham (February 1, 2010).â€Å"Revealed: Which social networks pose the biggest risk?†.Sophos Gabbatt, Adam; Arthur, Charles (November 15, 2010).â€Å"Facebook mail: it might kill Gmail, but its not email†.The Guardian(London). Facebook Becomes Third Biggest US Web Company http://www.thejakartaglobe.com/technology/facebook-becomes-third-biggest-us-web-company/406751. â€Å"Choose Your Privacy Settings†. Facebook. September 10, 2009. â€Å"Search Privacy†. Facebook. June 13, 2009. â€Å"Facebook Current Report, Form 8-K, Filing Date July 26, 2012†.SEC. July 26, 2012. Page 1

Venice, Italy Essay -- Geography Geographical Papers

Venice, Italy The city of Venice was built on the water; therefore the canals of Venice have always been an important part of the life of Venetians. Venice is a city of 120 small islands with over 400 bridges linking them. The more than 150 canals serve as streets of the city, making it unlike any other city (Kertzer). It is connected to the mainland, which is two and a half miles away by both rail and highway bridge (encyclopedia.com). Venice?s history as well as its state in the present revolves around the water and the canals that serve the city. A Brief History The first settlers to Venice were refuges fleeing the Visigoth and Hun invaders after the fall of Rome (Steves). At this time the islands were uninhibited, muddy, and very small. (Steves) They expanded the tiny islands by creating platforms by shoving pylons into the sea floor and topping them with stone (Simonis). The little streams that the inhabitants kept from silting became the canals that exist today. The first settlers harvested fish and salt, but soon trading began up the river. When Ravenna, the leading trade city, fell the Venetians became the connection between the East and the West. Venice regulated trading between Constantinople (now Istabul), other Italian cities, and northern Africa (Kertzer). These goods included silk, ceramics, and carpets exported from Asia to Europe and iron and wood exported from Europe to Asia (silkroadproject.com). In the sixth century the Lombards attacked and with them came noble families. During this time organization began among the islands with shops, clergy, noble, and a ruler called the Doge. Eventually, all of the island communities decided to merge by building bridges. They also had to shorten the canals and ... ...s, 2001 Kerper, Barrie. "Venice: The Art, Mass Tourism and High Water." Venice. New York: Three Rivers Press, 2002. Rpt. in Venice. Kertzer, David I. "Venice." World Book Encyclopedia. 1993 ed. Vol. 20. 306-308. "The Silk Road: Connecting Cultures, Creating Trust." 36th annual Smithsonain Folklife Festival. Silk Road Project Inc.. 27 Nov. 2003. <http://silkroadproject.org/smithsonian/venice.html>. Simonis, Damien. Venice. Victoria, Australia: Lonely Planet Publications, 2002. Steves, Rick. Venice 2004. Emeryville, CA: Avalon Travel Publishing, 2003. Venice. 2003. Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia . 27 Nov. 2003 <http://www.thehistorychannel.com/perl/print_book.pl?ID=11 8895>. "Venice- History." Columbia Encyclopedia. 6th ed. 2003. 27 Nov. 2003<http://www.encyclopedia.com/html/section/ venice_history.asp>. Venice, Italy Essay -- Geography Geographical Papers Venice, Italy The city of Venice was built on the water; therefore the canals of Venice have always been an important part of the life of Venetians. Venice is a city of 120 small islands with over 400 bridges linking them. The more than 150 canals serve as streets of the city, making it unlike any other city (Kertzer). It is connected to the mainland, which is two and a half miles away by both rail and highway bridge (encyclopedia.com). Venice?s history as well as its state in the present revolves around the water and the canals that serve the city. A Brief History The first settlers to Venice were refuges fleeing the Visigoth and Hun invaders after the fall of Rome (Steves). At this time the islands were uninhibited, muddy, and very small. (Steves) They expanded the tiny islands by creating platforms by shoving pylons into the sea floor and topping them with stone (Simonis). The little streams that the inhabitants kept from silting became the canals that exist today. The first settlers harvested fish and salt, but soon trading began up the river. When Ravenna, the leading trade city, fell the Venetians became the connection between the East and the West. Venice regulated trading between Constantinople (now Istabul), other Italian cities, and northern Africa (Kertzer). These goods included silk, ceramics, and carpets exported from Asia to Europe and iron and wood exported from Europe to Asia (silkroadproject.com). In the sixth century the Lombards attacked and with them came noble families. During this time organization began among the islands with shops, clergy, noble, and a ruler called the Doge. Eventually, all of the island communities decided to merge by building bridges. They also had to shorten the canals and ... ...s, 2001 Kerper, Barrie. "Venice: The Art, Mass Tourism and High Water." Venice. New York: Three Rivers Press, 2002. Rpt. in Venice. Kertzer, David I. "Venice." World Book Encyclopedia. 1993 ed. Vol. 20. 306-308. "The Silk Road: Connecting Cultures, Creating Trust." 36th annual Smithsonain Folklife Festival. Silk Road Project Inc.. 27 Nov. 2003. <http://silkroadproject.org/smithsonian/venice.html>. Simonis, Damien. Venice. Victoria, Australia: Lonely Planet Publications, 2002. Steves, Rick. Venice 2004. Emeryville, CA: Avalon Travel Publishing, 2003. Venice. 2003. Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia . 27 Nov. 2003 <http://www.thehistorychannel.com/perl/print_book.pl?ID=11 8895>. "Venice- History." Columbia Encyclopedia. 6th ed. 2003. 27 Nov. 2003<http://www.encyclopedia.com/html/section/ venice_history.asp>.

Hurricane Charley Essay

Trees down every where, houses crushed, roofs gone, thousands of people without power, cars damaged, people dieing. Hurricane Charley was perhaps one of most devastating events that I have ever experienced, in my entire life. The next morning after hurricane Charley hit, we drove outside and saw the devastating remains that Charley left. The roads were full of chaos, with no traffic lights, and the gas lines were insanely long. I was very fortunate to only loose my power and cable, in comparison to some people loosing a loved one. This hurricane caused approximately $20 billion in damages, which is nothing compared the 19 lives it took. I learned to never underestimate the effects of a hurricane, always be prepared for a hurricane, and to always think and help the less fortunate. Hurricane Charley wasn’t perceived as a very powerful hurricane to a lot of people as it progressed more towards Central Florida. I feel that a lot of people were not very prepared for Charley, just as I wasn’t. When I heard about this hurricane coming I thought, â€Å"Oh, another hurricane coming, there is going to be a lot of rain.† I didn’t think it was going to be a big deal at all. After the hurricane hit, I realized that I was completely wrong. One should always be prepared for a hurricane. I think that this statement is most definitely true, and should be carried out by everyone. Every household should have plenty of water, money, gas, batteries, flashlights, and many other things stashed away in their houses. There were major gas outages at the gas stations, because people were filling up their generators and cars. One of the major problems was that almost everyone was out of power, so you could cook or keep things cold without a generator. This lead to everyone needed ice to keep their very expensive groceries cold. When I looked back at what resulted from Charley, I actually feel fortunate. Yes, Charley did cause my dad lost business, left a lot of yard for me, left power and cable outages, and hundreds of dollars of meat to go bad. When I thought about this I felt kind of unfortunate but, when I thought about the people that starve day after day on normal bases in places like Africa, I feel fortunate. A lot of people in other countries don’t ever have power, cable, or even houses for that matter. I think that after events like this,  we should all pull together and help one another. Volunteer to help your neighbors and people that had it worse then you, have free barbeques with your meat that is going to go bad anyway, and most of all give everyone moral support. I think that Charley was a very important learning experience for a lot of us and should be thought about in different views. If you think about it, were you that effected by hurricane Charley? Did you take your power for granted? Were you well prepared for this hurricane? Did you underestimate Charley? All of these are important things to think about as you look back on Charley.

It Is Better to Be the Eldest Child Than the Youngest One in the Family Essay

â€Å"Mr. Chairman, honorable judges, misguided members of the opposition, and members of the floor: Good day to all. â€Å"Standing here today on this breezy morning as the third speaker for the proposition, I wish to continue where my team-mates left off to correct the misleading information presented by the opposition. â€Å"For instance, the second member of the opposition claimed that the youngest child will be treated more leniently than the others. Now, is this an advantage? By being treated too leniently, the child might think that his misbehavior is perfectly acceptable. Ever heard of the expression â€Å"Spare the rod and spoil the child†? It is true. Without strict and loving discipline, a beloved child might end up being the black sheep of the family. Now, the opposition contends that it is an advantage to be spoilt in this way. How can this be? â€Å"The opposition has also pointed out that the youngest child is usually more pampered. I agree. But, again, is this good? It is indeed enjoyable to be fussed over, pampered and mollycoddled but what will this pampered child grow into? It is a maxim that too much or too little is no good: Once a pampered child grows up, he will be overly dependent on others, in other words, spineless. Would you like to be this spineless adult? I leave you to decide. â€Å"Ladies and gentlemen, having straightened out a few delusions of the opposition, I shall present my own points. One of the advantages of being an eldest child is that he is used to being respected and obeyed by his siblings. This is because they know he is wiser and more experienced. This is a good feeling and it creates high self-esteem. This self-esteem will motivate him to succeed in every aspect of life. â€Å"Undeniably, the eldest child will shoulder more responsibilities. He will often be left in charge of the younger ones. The eldest child is also cast as a role model for the younger ones. Thus, he has to try harder to maintain discipline and a high standard of behavior. â€Å"The eldest child, having to cope with his siblings’ antics, will also develop patience. He may have to give in to his siblings because `they are too young to understand’. Thus, he develops tolerance and understanding of other people’s weaknesses. â€Å"All these points were described as ‘disadvantages’ by the opposition. They are only disadvantageous if you are unable to see the long-term benefits. You see, these momentarily trying circumstances will shape the child and prepare him for the challenges that lie ahead. According to a survey conducted by the Home Ministry, an average of 3 out of 5 successful people — corporate leaders, lawyers, politicians — were the eldest children in their families. â€Å"On to my next point, which centers on the word ‘privileges’. In most cases, the eldest child will inherit the greater share of the wealth. According to Chinese custom, the eldest son carries on the family name, therefore he deserves a larger share of the property. In monarchies, the eldest child is the heir to the throne, as in the case of Prince Charles. If you think that the eldest child is only privileged if he belongs to a wealthy family, you are wrong. The distinction is even sharper in poor families where the eldest child may be the only one whom the family can afford to educate or feed properly. â€Å"So, there you have it. Clear arguments to demolish the opposition to this motion. And now I hand over to my opponents, to give the sensible ones amongst them a chance to start defecting over to our side. Thank you.†

Bank of America

Bank of America Bank of America Process The main process is experimentation of innovative ideas. The team in charge of the innovations decided to come up with new ideas and put them into experimentation. This process focused on the human and human-technology dimension in formulation of the ideas. In this process, successful ideas were measured in terms of customer satisfaction and the revenue growth of the company. These are the hallmarks of successful ideas. The other important part of the process was the allocation of funds from the central treasury of the Bank of America. This was to ensure continuity of the ideas to maturity. Organization and management The activity was led by two executive officers, who were responsible for Bank of America Innovation Development. They were Warren Butler and Amy Brandy. The organization of the whole process involved holding meetings and making innovative suggestions however much crazy they would be. Every idea was taken into a rigorous scrutiny before it was subjected to any test. The members would carry out preliminary test and let the ideas undergo natural filtering and thereafter coming up with priorities of the ideas. The ideas were prioritized in terms of low, medium or high level priority. These prioritized ideas were then presented to Brandy and Butler for final decision making. They then recommended which to take into a final test. In this organization the final ideas would be presented to the corporate executives to recommend a national roll out. Culture The culture acquired by the Innovation Development team was the Bank of America Spirit. The main focus of this culture was customer satisfaction. The subset of this objective was increased revenue growth. This made them to move away from many traditional forms of serving the customer. Some of the things they did away with was the initial signing up before being served in traditional tellers which would take a lot of time. The other thing was to introduce services with high fidelity. This was to make sure that all process reflected the reality to the customers. Bank of Americas approach to development of new systems The process is not much different with the other companies and organizations that are focused on innovative ideas. The bottom-line is experimentation. No new idea would be brought into market without a clear way or method to prove its workability. The tests come after two things. The first one is the identification of the peoples needs. This is a true spirit of an entrepreneur. This is seeking to understand what people are missing and there after making an opportunity out of their need. The members of the I D were very keen to detect the wish of the customers. The second important thing is the suggestion of the ideas formulated from the peoples needs to the panel of the team for testing. This makes the process taken by the bank of America similar to the rest of the innovative systems in other companies and organization. A difference would only arise from the fact that this innovation was on services and not physical products. Here the laboratory would be different as we have seen in bank of America. Here test a carried out directly on people and therefore involves higher risks. The physical commodities are tested in labs that are not human oriented so lower risks are involved. Role of experiment The world is very dynamic. One would only use experiments to come up with new ideas to keep at par with the up coming technologies. This is a continuous process that should not stop in any institution, organization or a company. This is for the reason that at one time they would become obsolete in the old fashioned technology. The other major role of experiments is to ascertain that new ideas would work. No new technology would just be dropped into the market place, lest its effect would be disastrous to people and or businesses. In this case, people involved in the experiments would learn measurement and in turn use it to prove successful ideas. Additional braches for experimentation Butler and Brady should not accept the additional branches. It is rightly agued that this would strain the members of I D who are already working very hard to give a good result in the ongoing experimentation in the existing branches. The additional braches would only add the capacity but at the end of the time it would be a duplication of events. Mistakes incurred during experiments would affect more people. This is a risk that the team should avoid by rejecting the reward of the additional branches. The other thing is that as the experiment is just at a test stage, the good results would be duplicated all over under the implementation program. Therefore, there is no need for duplication. Another observation is that the team would spend a lot of time retraining the staff members of the various banks to work to embrace the process of the experimentation. From this observation, the additional branches are not going to be cost effective in the experimentation stage.

Medieval Period Tunic

Medieval Period Tunic The word tunic has been derived from the word ‘tunica’ (Latin), meaning an enclosing membrane of body tissue. From the period of ancient Greeks and Romans up to the medieval times, tunics have probably been the most common dress worn by all classes of men; slaves as well as the nobles, and all other people from different occupations.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Medieval Period Tunic specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The simplest kind of tunic was readied by sewing two pieces of cloth, making a tube; holes were kept for the arms. The medieval tunic resembled a T-shirt and was worn by men and women alike. The medieval tunics were made from a varied range of fabrics, depending on the status of the people wearing them. Even different forms of tunics were made for people of different status. The medieval tunics usually had sleeves and were cut to different lengths. Male tunics reached crotch and thigh in l ength; older men wore knee-length tunics (Diehl Donnelly, 2011). The medieval tunic could be worn plain and/or tightened at the waist with a belt. The belt also served the purpose of a purse. The Romans wore tunics under their toga (a single piece gown). Woollen tunics were worn during the winter seasons. From all these facts about medieval tunics, it may be concluded that they were really versatile. The medieval tunics were made in different forms and the fabrics used in tailoring were also different (Netherton Owen-Crocker, 2012). The tunic was basically a significance of status and title. The women wore tunics that stretched up to the ankle. Such tunics were called ‘Tunica Talaris’. The word ‘talaris’ is a derivative of the Latin word ‘talus’, which means an ankle. Another form of the tunic was the ‘Tunica Pulla’. It was a black or any other dark coloured tunic that was put on as a symbol of mourning. Yet another form of medie val tunic was the ‘Tunica Recta’. The word ‘recta’ means straight. This particular tunic was worn in the medieval period by the girls during their marriages and by the boys when they were supposed to have matured. Then there was the ‘Tunica Augusticlavia’ which was worn by the Roman magistrates. ‘Tunica Laticlavia’ was worn by the Roman senators. This form of tunic had a broad band on it that was easily recognizable from a distance. Lastly, the Roman emperors wore a special tunic called the ‘Ornamenta Triumphalia’. The ‘Ornamenta Triumphalia’ comprised of the ‘Tunica Palmata’ and the ‘Toga Picta’. This was the official dress of the Roman emperors. The ‘Tunica Palmata’ was heavily adorned by leaf embroidery made from gold thread. All the edges (like the neck-line, wrist ends, and the bottom edge) of this tunic had a rich and colourful border.Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The different ranks of office bearers were distinguished by the ‘Latus Clavus’. The office bearers of the Roman Empire wore tunics that had a particular number of bands sewn on them. The quantity of bands signified the rank of the wearer and the ‘Roman Sumptuary Laws’ governed this quantity. Even the width of the bands was governed by the ‘Roman Sumptuary Laws’. The members of the senate used to wear tunics with a scarlet or purple band. The band was about 2 inches in width and was considered to be a distinct badge of office. Even the male children of the senators could put on this band but in such cases the band had to be a less wide. The ‘equites’ or the knights wore a different tunic that had a band on each side and also at the front and the back. These bands were called the ‘Augustus Clavus’. The usual colour of these bands was purple but other colours such as red, violet and dark blue were also authorized. Modern interpretation of medieval tunic Although the modern day tunic does not have similar social and/or historical context, it is popular in the fashion world, particularly among women. The changing context also refers to the style and fabric used for making this item. Despite the shifts in trends, women’s tunic can still have elements reminding of the medieval epoch. Specific attention should be given to the loose sleeves and forms concealing the silhouette. In modern day women wear tunics with denims and it comes in various styles. Now-a-days tunic can be worn as a traditional outfit too. During the medieval period, tunics were worn as they were the only commonly used clothing. But in today’s world, tunics are considered to be a fashion statement. They come in large varieties with lovely laces and embroidery works. Tunics have never gone out of style. E ven though the bottoms styles come and go, tunics in all variations have stayed till date. During medieval period, the material of the tunic suggested the rank and position of the person putting it on. Like the poor people wore tunics made from normal cloth whereas the rich wore tunics made from costly material such as linen and silk. But now-a-days women wear trendy linen tunics with formal pants as a daily wear. This is one style that young girls wear with denims and married women wear it as one of their traditional outfits.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Medieval Period Tunic specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Tunics are gracefully accepted by both the orthodox and the conservative families as they are decent and sober clothing. Tunics have also transformed into short dresses. Many manufactures have indulged in large scale manufacturing of tunics as they remain in demand throughout the year. During summers, you ge t them in pastel colours and in winters they are available in dark and vibrant colour tones. When on a shopping spree, no matter which store we enter or which online shopping site we surf, we can find tunics in abundance, and that too in a variety of colours, shapes, designs, sizes, and materials. In fact tunics are the most hunted clothing by the female gender (Thats, 2012). The main difference between the tunics of medieval times and those of today is the length. As discussed earlier in the paper, women wore tunics that were up to the ankles but today’s tunics are up to the knees to the maximum. One of the main reasons of the revival of this historical clothing and its popularity among the female gender is that being loose fitted clothing it hides the actual body type. Means it doesn’t allow the onlooker to have information about the actual body figure. This is a boon for women and girls who are plump but want to hide their being overweight from the people. At the sa me time, wearing a tunic allows overweight women and girls to wear tight jeans and leg-ins to keep up with the fashion trend. Modern day tunics can be accessorized according to the requirement of the day or event. There are many accessories that go with the tunics. Such accessories include belts, earrings, necklaces, bracelets, etc. The best part of wearing a tunic is that there is no fixed style. The wearer can make her own style statement with the help of the accessories. Like while going to office you can wear a tunic without a belt (it looks little formal) and in the evening, you may put on a sizzling belt to enhance the look of your tunic. Another reason for the revival and the popularity of the tunics among the women is that since they are loose fitted, women can do all their chores easily. The tunic is really very comfortable and allows the wearer to move freely. As mentioned earlier in this paper, tunics hide the real body type. This enables the overweight women and girls to look attractive. Normal T-shirts or shirts reveal the actual body shape and the overweight women and girls might look shabby and ugly. So it may be said that tunics enhance the beauty or aestheticism in the female gender. Even for slim girls and women, tunics are a nice, sober, and smart way to be decent and formal. In countries (especially Islamic countries) where women are required not to reveal too much of their body description, tunics are a great clothing. They serve a dual purpose; help the wearer in being decent and at the same time keeping up with the fashion.Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Gothic dress for women Let us first understand the meaning of ‘Goth’. Goth was basically an outrage against the fashion styles that prevailed during the 1970s. People who believed in the Goth culture were against any extravagance and use of vibrant and gaudy colours in clothing. Gothic dresses are basically dresses that are worn by the people of Goth culture. Usually, the colour of such clothing is black. There are certain typical characteristics of the people of the Goth culture. They can be identified from the following traits – black clothes and hairs, male Goths have long hair, filthiness and untidiness, inclination towards writing poetry, and attention seekers. Despite the fact that the Gothic style is well distinguished from other historic styles, it contains eclectic elements (Taylor, 2004). In particular, it skilfully combines sensibility, beauty, and simplicity of the dress due to the employment of sumptuous fabrics, such as brocades and velvets. In addi tion, the gothic garment was usually presented in a black colour pallet, which also introduces a specific meaning and style during this period. The basic concept behind the Gothic garments was to minimise extravagance and to look decent. Vibrant colour garments highlight the presence of people wearing them. Probably, the reason for choosing black colour for Gothic garments was to keep a low profile. This aspect may be related to being decent, as in the case of tunics. The onlookers are not attracted towards the person wearing Gothic clothing. Apart from the clothing, the overall look of people of Gothic culture is totally unattractive with long and untidy hairs people of Gothic culture can be distinguished easily. Fashion statement of any particular period reflects the prevailing social beliefs and the approach of people. During the fifteenth century, the fashion was limited to the upper class or the opulent people. The general public couldn’t afford the costly and fashionabl e clothing. In fact they were too busy in their daily chores to pay attention to things that were not important for them. Until the seventeenth century, different areas were under the Lords. People didn’t have much of a say in most of the matters. Fashion was one such thing that was unknown to the normal public. But as soon as the royal power gained supremacy over the feudal power, the Lords became weaker as far as their control over the people was concerned. People became free to decide for themselves. People started to earn more and had spare money to attend to their fantasies. This was when they started learning about fashion and practising the prevailing trends. This was the period when printing was invented and people were able to keep themselves updated on the latest happenings around them. Media was also one of the mediums to spread fashion during that period. Modern interpretation of Gothic dresses The influence of revival of historical style constitutes the main reas on for the emergence of the gothic style at the modern time (Brill, 2004). However, unlike the historical gothic style, the modern waives are more concerned with aesthetics and the revival of the romantic movements (Spooner, 2004). The modern day Gothic dresses are actually far similar to the ones that were initially meant to be. The main motive behind Gothic dresses was to oppose extravagance and vibrant colours in clothing. But today’s Gothic dresses have become very popular and the prices are sky-rocketing. But at least the colour has not been changed. Even today, the Gothic dresses are mainly in black or other dark colours. But since renowned stores have started selling Gothic dresses the cost has gone up. Moreover, famous designers have also started designing the Gothic dress, which again has added to the cost to a great extent. Gothic dresses are now being seen as fashion statements. Celebrities wear these dresses at special events, making them all the more popular. Peo ple who like to imitate their favourite celebrities want to adore themselves with Gothic dresses. Fashion is such a thing or tradition that is spread by the famous and rich people. So the concept has totally changed; from being ant-extravagant, the Gothic dresses have now become super extravagant. References Brill, D. (2008). Goth Culture: Gender, Sexuality, and Style. Germany: Berg. Diehl, D., Donnelly, M. P. (2011). Medieval Celebrations: Your Guide to Planning and Hosting Spectacular Feasts, Parties, Weddings, and Renaissance Fairs. US: Stackpole Books. Netherton, R., Owen-Crocker, G. R. (2012). Medieval Clothing and Textiles. US: Boydell Press. Spooner, C. (2004). Fashioning Gothic Bodies. UK: Manchester University Press. Taylor, L. (2004). Establishing Dress History. UK: Manchester University Press. Thats, S. (2012). Women’s Tunics-oh so stylish. Retrieved from http://moderntunics.blogspot.com/

Cases in Digital Innovation and Transformation

This paper focuses on the research on the impact that perception has on customer satisfaction when it comes to consumption of goods and services. Research on the impact that perception has on customer satisfaction is identified and customer personas are made from the data collected. Customer journey maps are also generated using the data on customer research on the subject. The paper contains a research on Industrial and Commercial Bank of China. General market research is carried out the banks operations to help understand the operations of the company and the financial services industry in China (Oswald& Kleinemeier, 2017). The information on customer behavior and the impact that perception has on customer satisfaction levels in this industry is determined and explained. Industrial and Commercial Bank of China (ICBC) is a Chinese Multinational banking company and it is the largest bank in world by Total assets. ICBC is also the most valuable bank in the world by market capitalization since February 2017. The company was formed in the year 1984 by the year 2015,it had assets worth US$3.616trilion (Solis, 2015). ICBC opened its first branch outside China in the year 1999 in Luxembourg. It later became the European headquarters of the bank in the year 2011. The company was made public in the year 2006 and it became the largest IPO at the time valued at US$21.9 billion. As at the year 2015,ICBC had approximately 3.5 million corporate customers and more than 170 million individual customers. The company serves corporate clients from across all sectors and industry including manufacturing, transportation, power, gas and water as well as construction industry. The biggest customer is the manufacturing industry followed by transportation, storage, and teleco mmunications industry. China`s banking system underwent significant changes between 1990s and 2000s. The banking system of China has become more like the banking system in the West. Before the 1990s banking in China was run exclusively by the state (Pijl, Lokitz& Solomon, 2016). Over the previous two decades, the narrative has significantly changed since more private banks are emerging and more of the public owned banks have become autonomous. Financial and banking services in China are regulated by the People’s Bank of China. The four biggest banks in China commonly referred to as the â€Å"Big four† are state owned and this shows that the banking industry in China is still largely controlled by the state. The four biggest state owned commercial banks include the China Construction Bank (CCB), Bank of China (BOC),The Agricultural Bank of China(ABC) and the ICBC (Kalbach,2016). The banks were formed through the introduction of commercial Bank Law in 1995 which helped in commercializing operat ions of state owned bank. BOC specializes in foreign exchange transactions and trade finance. The CCB specializes in medium and long term specialized projects such as infrastructure an housing projects. ABC specializes in offering financing to the agricultural sector in China as well as offering wholesale and retail banking services to farmers. The policy banks in China banking and finance industry include the Agricultural Development Bank of China (ADBC), China Development Bank(CDB) and the Export-Import Bank of China (Chexim) (Diamond,2016). There are also various city commercial banks that are majorly owned by the local governments. Private investors also have a minority shareholding in these banks. The other significant players in China`s banking system is the Trust and Investment Corporations, County Banks, Credit and Deposit Insurance companies. Creating customer personas is very important for a company since it helps the organization offer tailor made services that help to improve the levels of customer satisfaction. The use of personas in business has increased in the recent past since organizations are facing growing demand for more personalized and tailor made services. Customers expect organizations to understand their tastes and preferences better and serve to meet their needs as expected. The personas help the organizations in understanding how customers behave and why they behave in such a manner and this enables brands to make changes in their operations which help them to improve customer satisfaction. ICBC serves different segments of the banking sector globally (Kalbach, 2016). In order to develop customer personas in different industries, it is important to segment the market of ICBC based on the industry in which a corporate customer is operating. Customer persona for individual customers is based on the data o n the behavior of individual customers conducted through market research. A persona of a company operating in the manufacturing industry is created based on the available primary and secondary data on that company. 361 degrees is a major designer and manufacturer of shoes and sports products in China. The company was first established in the year 2002 and the brand name,361 degrees was launched in 2004. The brand name represents 360 degrees of a circle plus an extra one degree which represents the professional functionality on which innovation and creativity is added (Barnes & Kelleher, 2015). The characteristics of the company and its needs are analyzed to help ICBC understand its needs as a customer and hence improve customer satisfaction. 360 degrees may get services and products such as long term loans for expansion and investment, short term capital, cash deposit services. ICBC can also offer corporate mobile banking, corporate telephone banking, and corporate internet services (Wright & Snook, 2017). Given that 360 degree has outlets in many countries across Asia and Europe, Internet banking services for the company can be tailor made to help customers from different countries pay for goods using a common paying method which is simple and convenient. 360 degree also needs corporate wealth management services. A company operating in different countries and especially through outlets that are not owned by the company needs to manage its wealth effectively and efficiently. ICBC can manage the manufacturing plants of 360 degrees to help cater   ICBC should create a spe cial profile for the company to help cater for all the corporate banking needs of 360 degrees which is a manufacturing company. ICBC can also receive deposits on behalf of 360 degrees (Information Resources Management Association. 2018). The deposits can be in form of payments made by different clients or the sale of assets. l   He has been in restaurant business for the last 9 years l   Location of business is Shanghai l   He needs short term business loan to expand his business l   The interest rates charged on loans l   The customer does not want high interest rates on loans l   The customer deposits cash regularly l   Most of the transactions by the customer are online l   He takes huge risks in his business l   He has a variety of personal investments Customer preferences and personality l Likes tailor made banking and finance products l Uses mobile banking a for most of his transactions l Makes regular transactions involving deposits and withdrawals l   Internet banking products that offers customer convenience l   Wide range of personalized banking services l   Loan terms depending on the customer history with the company. The Chinese banking industry is very competitive. One of the major competitors of ICBC is the Bank of China limited. The bank is also government owned and it offers the same products as ICBC. One of the metrics that is used to compare the two banks is the customer support services. ICBC has better customer support because it has online customer support system where the customers can be able to interact with the company and problems that they face are addressed (Cardoso, Fromm, Nickel, Satzger, Studer& Weinhardt, 2015). The other metric is the problem resolution time. ICBC takes less time to solve problems that customers present to the company. This is because the company has an elaborate online automatic customer support system. ICBC also has a large number of staff working in the customer care department. Comparison with China construction Bank Limited; China Construction Bank Limited offers banking services mainly to the businesses in the construction industry. The customer support system of CCB is efficient and effective and it enables the company to become competitive and to offer specialized customer care services to different customers. This helps in improving the level of customer satisfaction. The time taken to solve customer problems is also a crucial determinant of customer satisfaction. Both competitors have focused on coming up with the right systems and programs to help improve customer satisfaction. This has been mainly by designing online customer self service websites where customers can be able to solve their problems without having to consult the company. Social media monitoring is one of the tools that can be used to monitor customer experience by ICBC. The company should establish social media accounts through which the company can get feedback regarding the experiences of customers when dealing with the company. Another tool is seeking for feedback directly from customers and avoid over-reliance on social media. Customers can be requested to fill feedback forms after they visit the bank or through the companies` website. Analysis of company information regarding customers is also an important tool for monitoring as well as the rinse and repeat technique. From the analysis of the results of the study, it is clear that ICBC offers its customers high quality products and services compared to its customers. This has promoted the companies` growth beyond China and ensured that ICBC becomes the largest company in the world in terms of assets. ICBC has relied on technological innovation to improve customer satisfaction which is at the core of the success of any company in the banking industry. ICBC offers corporate customers mobile and internet banking and it was one of the first companies to offer these product. ICBC has been able to focus on satisfying customers in the corporate world by making it easy for them to open accounts and obtain big loans at highly competitive interest rates. The paper also discusses the profiles of different categories of customers, both individual and corporate customers and draws journey maps for both. Cardoso, J., Fromm, H., Nickel, S., Satzger, G., Studer, R., & Weinhardt, C. (2015). Fundamentals Of Service Systems. https://Rave.Ohiolink.Edu/Ebooks/Ebc/9783319231952. Barnes, R. A., & Kelleher, B. (2015). Customer Experience For Dummies. Diamond, S. (2016). Content Marketing Strategies For Dummies. Information Resources Management Association. (2018). Mobile Commerce: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, And Applications. Http://Search.Ebscohost.Com/Login.Aspx?Direct=True&Scope=Site&Db=Nlebk&Db=Nlabk&An=1540772. Kalbach, J. (2016). Mapping Experiences: a Guide To Creating Value Through Journeys, Blueprints And Diagrams. https://Search.Ebscohost.Com/Login.Aspx?Direct=True&Scope=Site&Db=Nlebk&Db=Nlabk&An=1234236. Nielsen, L. (2013). Personas -- User Focused Design. London, Springer. https://Www.Books24x7.Com/Marc.Asp?Bookid=54139. Pijl, P. V. D., Lokitz, J., & Solomon, L. K. (2016). Design a Better Business: New Tools, Skills, And Mindset For Strategy And I. John Wiley & Sons. Oswald, G., & Kleinemeier, M. (2017). Shaping The Digital Enterprise Trends And Use Cases In Digital Innovation And Transformation. Cham, Springer. Revella, A. (2015). Buyer Personas: How To Gain Insight Into Your Customer's Expectations, Align Your Marketing Strategies, And Win More Business. Solis, B. (2015). X: The Experience When Business Meets Design. Http://Dx.Doi.Org/10.1002/9781119172529. Wright, T., & Snook, C. J. (2017). Digital Sense: The Common Sense Approach To Effectively Blending Social Business Strategy, Marketing Technology, And Customer Experience.

Social Anxiety Disorder Annotated Bibliography Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Social Anxiety Disorder - Annotated Bibliography Example Social anxiety has a potential of mutating from the initial condition to social phobia which provides a complicated aspect in providing an appropriate treatment. The source establishes the negative consequences of social anxiety and the various aspects that lead to the manifestation of the condition. Consequently, the source puts into perspective the aggressive tendencies that worsen social anxiety. The source effectively discredits shyness to some extent and gives prominence to aggressiveness in causing social disorder. Social anxiety disorder has a number of challenges that are of economic and social nature. The source provides an understanding of the extent to which the disorder causes financial burdens and social disenfranchisement of the people affected. The source provides a discussion on the different issues that constitute social anxiety and the various assessment methods that are employed in correctly diagnosing the disorder. Moreover, the text elaborates on the extent to which social anxiety disorder is sometimes underdiagnosed and the appropriate treatment approaches employed. The marketing journal provides various perspectives that relate to the encounters individuals undergo when selling products. The journal explores the role of fear in causing anxiety in so far as marketing is

International Human Resources Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

International Human Resources Management - Essay Example Foreign Trade has received great impetus due to these factors and companies looking towards expanding their organisations are employing norms and policies to facilitate proper monitoring and maintenance of their employees. Due to growth in commerce and management, strategy planning and execution has become an integral part of organisation. Due to this, International Human Resources Management has come to the forefront. International Human Resources Management seeks to lay down common rules, solutions to problems and personnel management systems to help this new phase of global expansion transform into a success story and to help organisations adapt and procure better results. Working in a country that one is not familiar with, is a great challenge in itself. More so, when it involves the establishment of a branch office of your company or deals with the successful initiation of an extension of your company, in a scenario completely different from the one you are familiar with. Heading these operations that delve into international horizons and expansion plans of your company build up more responsibility that needs to be fulfilled, on your part. Therefore, a great amount of thought-processing and execution must go down into such plans, before embarking on a conclusion. Vancouver Communications is an established organisation with its headquarters in Canada. It is involved in the production and sale of office communication equipment. Mike Ansell, the CEO of the company for the last 15 years had come up with the proposal to expand the operations of the company. This led to the establishment of the company in Wolverhampton. The work procedures and functioning of the office has been similar to the Canadian office. Furthering the expansion plan, the CEO has come up with the proposal to set up an office in Turkey, for which Helen Reeves, the Deputy Head of Marketing shall head the operation. At this stage, how should the company proceed with its expansion plans Should it follow the same old conventional method of work, even in its subsidiary as suggested by Mike Ansell How should Helen Reeves evaluate and formulate an action plan for successful functioning of the subsidiary under her in Turkey These are some of the questions that need to be answered befor e a headlong jump into the setting up and organisation of the new subsidiary. Evaluation of Mike's Proposal Introduction: Mike's proposal needs evaluation and assessment, since the plus and minus points of the same need to be identified and worked upon. Here are the various facets of evaluation, that could either accentuate or diminish the quality of Mike's proposal. Turkey is one of the favorable fast-growing sites for international expansion of business, trade and commerce. Transfer of technology, the extent of involvement of the local resources, the net currency profit, etc. are some of the factors that are looked into, before the green signal

AP - Art History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

AP - Art History - Essay Example At that time, numerous scientific explanations were being discovered to explain phenomenal and to achieve this, philosophers and scientist fancied a unity spirit of humanity approach. (Porter 212). This piece of art was created by Albrecht DÃ ¼rer who was a German and he lived between 1471 and 1528. He produced this work in 1504 to represent Adam and Eve. In the picture, it is seen that Eve is convincing Adam to take the fruit given to her earlier by the snake, a forbidden fruit. That was where the fall of man originated. It is also seen that they are in a forest setup, which may be in Germany. Albrecht DÃ ¼rer is German born and in this piece of art, he never intended to emphasis on the Biblical story of Adam and Eve. In the picture there are other symbolic representations, which exemplify humanity perspective toward nature. They include phlegmatic for ox, phlegm, choleric for cat, yellow bile, and sanguine for rabbit. Further, this shows that the environmental setup of the artist upholds a cordial coexistence with animals, which also implicate Italian Renaissance (Porter 218). Arte di Calimala is the patron behind this piece of art produced by Ghiberti that is thought to have been carved around 1401-2 using bronze. This sculpture was produced by the patron for a competition on a religious story. The patron won the competition and was given a contract to make the door for both the North and East entrances. In the sculpture, the patron had interest in creating an illusion space for his relief. The objective of the competition was to provide a communicating piece of art on the old for adoption for the north entrance know as paradise. (Porter

Social Stigma and Mental Illness Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Social Stigma and Mental Illness - Essay Example While such labels are applicable to a small fraction of patients, a majority of them are â€Å"normal† individuals by common standards. Their disorders and disturbances only affect their concentration, cognition and efficiency. Yet, they get ostracized for their condition. The mainstream media plays a significant role in spreading such misconceptions among the citizenry. As a matter of statistic, crime rates among the mentally disturbed are quite similar to that of the control group (Angermeyer, 2004). Yet, the media portrays them as people prone to violent and antisocial behavior. For example, â€Å"Mental illness also has not received the sensitive media coverage that other illnesses have been given. We are surrounded by stereotypes, popular movies talk about killers who are "psychos" and news coverage of mental illness only when it related to violence. We also often hear the causal use of terms like "lunatic" or "crazy," along with jokes about the mentally ill. These representations and the use of discriminatory language distort the public’s view and reinforce inaccuracies about mental illness.† (Schulze, 2003) It is not an even keel with all types of afflictions. Some of them like schizophrenia are subject to more ridicule and stigma than say depression. People affected with this condition are portrayed as â€Å"psychos†, â€Å"whackos†, â€Å"nut balls†, etc. While disorders like depression don’t attract such treatment as a result of widespread awareness about anti-depressants within the mainstream media (Kelly, 2007). There are other negative consequences to such stigma. For one thing, many people shy away from getting proper treatment for their conditions on fear of being ridiculed and disparaged. They also develop unreasonable fears of abandonment by their family and friends once the illness comes to light

Theme park report Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Theme park report - Assignment Example Major reasons identified in the research are – world economic crisis, stiff local competition, low level of differentiation of services and negative image of the company regarding safety standards and bankruptcy filing. A discussion of possible solutions followed by recommendations concludes the paper. The major recommendation is to restructure the organization to enable a flatter structure for faster decision making and more employee empowerment. Introduction Theme park industry has evolved immensely over time. With a handful of theme parks concentrated within US during the beginning of the 19th century, the industry has grown tremendously. US itself has 600 entertainment parks and attractions as per recent studies while Europe houses 300 of them (Woodside and Martin 2007). The industry is cyclical and is heavily dependent on weather conditions. For example, in US, 46% of the people prefer going to theme parks during summers, 21% prefer spring while 18% prefer autumn season ( Woodside and Martin 2007). ... The company has exclusive rights to sell products bearing these characters as well as use them for advertising and promoting the â€Å"Six Flags† brand (Six Flags Annual report 2010). The theme park has been through turbulent times and had to file for bankruptcy because of the decline in visitors across its various sites. Three main reasons for this situation are as follows: Deterioration of the US and European economies (yahoo.brand.edgar-online) Excessive competition from other entertainment avenues during financial crisis years Lack of differentiation from other competitor in entertainment experience provided to the customers The company needs to formulate a strategy that can help it overcome all the above difficulties. A reduction in entry fee or overall cost of entertainment, focusing on tie ups with other entertainers to reduce competition and encouraging innovation in services within the organization culture can be some of the solutions. We will discuss each of these is sues and their solutions in greater detail in our ensuing sections. Methodology A research paper is incomplete without a mention of the methods employed to analyze and conclude a paper. Research involves data collection, its analysis and finally reaching a conclusion. Methodology helps in defining the research design, the way data is collected, the validity of the data and the limitations of the research. Two types of data have been used in the research – primary and secondary. Data directly gathered from the company is the primary data. Secondary data is the one used from other researcher’s analyses. Most of the data used in the ensuing paper is the secondary data from books and journals and

AP - Art History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

AP - Art History - Essay Example At that time, numerous scientific explanations were being discovered to explain phenomenal and to achieve this, philosophers and scientist fancied a unity spirit of humanity approach. (Porter 212). This piece of art was created by Albrecht DÃ ¼rer who was a German and he lived between 1471 and 1528. He produced this work in 1504 to represent Adam and Eve. In the picture, it is seen that Eve is convincing Adam to take the fruit given to her earlier by the snake, a forbidden fruit. That was where the fall of man originated. It is also seen that they are in a forest setup, which may be in Germany. Albrecht DÃ ¼rer is German born and in this piece of art, he never intended to emphasis on the Biblical story of Adam and Eve. In the picture there are other symbolic representations, which exemplify humanity perspective toward nature. They include phlegmatic for ox, phlegm, choleric for cat, yellow bile, and sanguine for rabbit. Further, this shows that the environmental setup of the artist upholds a cordial coexistence with animals, which also implicate Italian Renaissance (Porter 218). Arte di Calimala is the patron behind this piece of art produced by Ghiberti that is thought to have been carved around 1401-2 using bronze. This sculpture was produced by the patron for a competition on a religious story. The patron won the competition and was given a contract to make the door for both the North and East entrances. In the sculpture, the patron had interest in creating an illusion space for his relief. The objective of the competition was to provide a communicating piece of art on the old for adoption for the north entrance know as paradise. (Porter

Theme park report Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Theme park report - Assignment Example Major reasons identified in the research are – world economic crisis, stiff local competition, low level of differentiation of services and negative image of the company regarding safety standards and bankruptcy filing. A discussion of possible solutions followed by recommendations concludes the paper. The major recommendation is to restructure the organization to enable a flatter structure for faster decision making and more employee empowerment. Introduction Theme park industry has evolved immensely over time. With a handful of theme parks concentrated within US during the beginning of the 19th century, the industry has grown tremendously. US itself has 600 entertainment parks and attractions as per recent studies while Europe houses 300 of them (Woodside and Martin 2007). The industry is cyclical and is heavily dependent on weather conditions. For example, in US, 46% of the people prefer going to theme parks during summers, 21% prefer spring while 18% prefer autumn season ( Woodside and Martin 2007). ... The company has exclusive rights to sell products bearing these characters as well as use them for advertising and promoting the â€Å"Six Flags† brand (Six Flags Annual report 2010). The theme park has been through turbulent times and had to file for bankruptcy because of the decline in visitors across its various sites. Three main reasons for this situation are as follows: Deterioration of the US and European economies (yahoo.brand.edgar-online) Excessive competition from other entertainment avenues during financial crisis years Lack of differentiation from other competitor in entertainment experience provided to the customers The company needs to formulate a strategy that can help it overcome all the above difficulties. A reduction in entry fee or overall cost of entertainment, focusing on tie ups with other entertainers to reduce competition and encouraging innovation in services within the organization culture can be some of the solutions. We will discuss each of these is sues and their solutions in greater detail in our ensuing sections. Methodology A research paper is incomplete without a mention of the methods employed to analyze and conclude a paper. Research involves data collection, its analysis and finally reaching a conclusion. Methodology helps in defining the research design, the way data is collected, the validity of the data and the limitations of the research. Two types of data have been used in the research – primary and secondary. Data directly gathered from the company is the primary data. Secondary data is the one used from other researcher’s analyses. Most of the data used in the ensuing paper is the secondary data from books and journals and

Graduate school Essay Example for Free

Graduate school Essay Preparation Before applying, understand why attending graduate school makes sense to you. To clarify why you want to attend graduate school at this point in your life, try answering questions such as: †¢Ã‚  What will this degree enable you to achieve? †¢Ã‚  What do you plan to do with your advanced degree? Be able to express what about you and your experiences will help you to succeed in the program: †¢Ã‚  Make lists of professors, courses, research projects, ideas, travel, and other experiences that have been important to you, or have influenced your decision to apply to graduate school. †¢Ã‚  Think about any volunteer, extracurricular, or paid work experiences, as well as interests, special skills you possess, or honors and awards you have received. †¢Ã‚  What have you learned from your experiences? How have you used this knowledge? †¢Ã‚  Provide the admissions committee with information that supplements (not repeats) the information in the rest of your application. What important aspects are not clearly reflected in your resume, college transcripts and test scores? For example, you might want to indicate how you hope to benefit  from graduate studies, and how you intend to apply and integrate your graduate studies in your career. Writing Tips †¢Ã‚  Answer the question. Some applications require a general personal statement, others ask you to write on more specific topics. Be sure to tailor your essay to the school’s request. †¢Ã‚  Keep the essay clear, concise, and to the point. The essay demonstrates your writing ability and communication skills. Engage your readers with an effective introduction and clear structure. Say what you mean directly and avoid using phrases like â€Å"I think† or â€Å"In my opinion.† †¢Ã‚  Write your personal story. Set your statement apart by discussing WHAT is important to you, WHY it is important, and HOW you have used your talents and abilities in your life. †¢Ã‚  Be specific and give examples. For instance, instead of simply stating that you would make an excellent doctor (lawyer, engineer, etc.), provide reasons and examples. What experiences have you had that encouraged you to enter this field? †¢Ã‚  Follow any format guidelines provided by the school, such as length, font, or margin size. †¢Ã‚  Proofread! Ask several people to read through your essay, especially faculty in your desired area of study, English professors, career counselors, parents, and friends who will give you honest feedback. Ensure that there are no typos, misspellings, or grammatical errors. Over → USD Career Services †¢ Hughes 110 †¢ 619-260-4654 †¢ [emailprotected] †¢ www.sandiego.edu/careers Tailoring Your essay will be different for each application. Know the special features, emphases, or approaches of each program, and reflect these in your essay. †¢Ã‚  What are the school’s strengths? †¢Ã‚  What makes the program a good choice for you? †¢Ã‚  How might you contribute to the program? Cautions †¢Ã‚  Do not include references to your experiences or accomplishments before college, unless there was an extraordinary achievement or trauma that had a significant impact on your current situation. †¢Ã‚  Do not mention subjects that are too controversial. Avoid offending the admissions committee. †¢Ã‚  Do not be too general. Top schools may receive thousands of applications, and you want yours to stand out. Keep your essay interesting, relevant, and tailored to the school. Additional Resources Websites at many universities contain advice on writing graduate school essays. The Writing Center at RPI www.rpi.edu/dept/llc/writecenter/web/gradapp.html UC Berkeley: Graduate School Statement http://career.berkeley.edu/Grad/GradStatement.stm UCSD: Application Essays http://career.ucsd.edu/sa/applicationEssays.shtml These commercial web sites offer helpful samples and tips on writing graduate school essays. By listing these sites, USD Career Services is not endorsing the additional paid services. Essay Edge www.essayedge.com/ Admissions Essays www.admissionsessays.com (click on Writing Tips) All About the Graduate Admissions Essay http://gradschool.about.com/od/essaywriting/All_About_the_Graduate_Admissions_Essay.htm The following books on graduate school essays are available in the USD Career Services Library. Graduate Admissions Essays, by Donald Asher (Ten Speed Press) Peterson’s Perfect Personal Statements, by Mark Stewart (Thomson Peterson’s)

Reflective account of a recent legal incident

Reflective account of a recent legal incident Nurses are faced with many legal or ethical dilemmas, the Nurses Handbook of Law Ethics (1992) states that nurses should integrate knowledge of ethical and legal aspects of health care and professional values into nursing practice. It is important to know what types of dilemmas nurses may face during their careers and how they may have been dealt with in the past. In this paper I will address one of these dilemmas in the form of a critical incidence and outline the legal and ethical problems, I will also give my personal reflective thoughts to show learning and understanding. As a student nurse I have encountered a number of critical incidents that I have wanted to reflect on to improve my practice. The critical incident that I am focusing on in this essay deals with issues of neglect, duty of care and a lack of communication and awareness between professionals and patients. Through this critical incident, I will explore the issues from a professional, legal and ethical perspective. Showing how through reflection, I can learn both personally and professionally how to become a better nurse. In this essay I will discuss my understanding of reflection using a reflective model. This will be followed by an analysis of the incident and what ethical and legal borders were crossed. In accordance with the Nursing and Midwifery Code of Conduct (NMC 2008) all names and placement details will be concealed, and I will refer to the patient as Mrs. A at all times. Refection is an important tool for a nurse, it offers a vehicle through which we can communicate and justify the importance of practice and practice knowledge Bulman and Schtuz (2004, p1) . There are two forms of reflection, refection-in-action and reflection-on-action. Reflection in action is to think about what one is doing whilst one is doing it; it is typically stimulated by surprise, by something which puzzled the practitioner concerned(Greenwood, 1993). Schon (1987, p26) believes that the individual will Stop and think and pause in the midst of action. I do believe that this happens in practice and a benefit of this type of reflection is it shows more intelligent thinking however a disadvantage is it would take up valuable time when stopping to think about all your action. Reflection on action is defined as The retrospective contemplation of practice undertaken in order to uncover the knowledge used in practical situations, by analysing and interpreting the information recalled (Fitzgerald, 1994pp67). Reflection on action involves looking back in hindsight and turning the information from the incident into knowledge to use in the future. Alternatively Boyd Fales suggest reflection on action is The process of creating and clarifying the meanings of experiences in terms of self in relation to both self and world. The outcome of this process is changed conceptual perspectives (Boyd Fales, 1983pp113). None of these views however take into consideration reflection before action, as we plan out our acts before we do them. There are many reflective models that show how to reflect on situations properly and learn from them, the one I have chosen for the purpose of my essay is Gibbs model of Reflection (1998). Gibbs model Confronts practitioners to consider their normal way of thinking and responding within the situation towards gaining insight into self and practice (Johns 2005 p18). It is a simple model and encourages a clear description of the situation, it analyses the practioners feelings, gives you help to evaluate the experience and maybe make sense of it all and it examines what you would do if the situation arose again. Gibbs model incorporates all the core skills of reflection. It is focused more on reflection on action, but with practice it could be used to focus on reflection in and before action. Gibbs Model consists of 6 stages: Stage 1: Description of the event, Stage 2: Feelings and Thoughts (Self awareness), Stage 3: Evaluation, Stage 4: Analysis, Stage 5: Conclusion (Synthesis), Stage 6: Action Plan. I will go through each stage in relation to my critical incident. The first stage is describing the event, my placement was on a busy community hospital that dealt with a variety of elderly patients who were there for rest and rehabilitation or re-housing. Mrs A was a 70 year old patient on the ward who was suffering with orthopaedic problems. She had bone deterioration and had broken her leg badly from a fall in her home, it was such a bad break that she had to have her right leg in a full cast from hip to toe. She had good use of her other limbs and was taught by the physiotherapists to use a special stick and strap on shoe when trying to walk. Mrs A found this extremely hard to do and over time she stopped trying or even wanting to try and eventually stopped wanting to do anything for herself. Mrs A gradually started pressing the call bell more and more to get the nurses to help her with trivial things that often she could do or get for herself. The nurses who were at times very busy felt this was of great annoyance, they would tell Mrs A that they had other patients to help, not just her and that she had to stop pressing the bell so much. Mrs A was obviously scared about falling again and wanted a bit if attention which was overlooked by the nurses and I witnessed a number of times, that the call bell would be moved out of Mrs As reach or wrapped around a peg behind her where she again could not reach it. This was a great worry to me as what would happen if she did have a genuine emergency? In this paragraph, I will discuss the second stage; my feelings and thoughts. When I first met Mrs A I introduced myself and sat at eye level with her as to build a good rapport, I could sense she was nervous and so wanted to make her feel comfortable. Each day we would chat and although she was slightly demanding she was a lovely lady who was never nasty or foul mouthed just lonely. The nurses would often complain about her and after voicing my opinion to my mentor of how she just wanted someone to talk to I was told she and the other nurses didnt have the time and Mrs A was selfish for not realising they were busy and tired. I could understand the nurses concerns about seeing all of the patients and having a suitable break but thought the attitude towards Mrs A was unfair. When I saw the nurses remove/move the call bell I asked my mentor again why that was being done and she told me to stop her from having them constantly running around after her when I asked what if a real emerge ncy arose she did not answer and felt too embarrassed to ask again, this whole situation led me to evaluate my practice and the practice of those around me. Evaluation is the third stage of Gibbs (1988) model of reflection and the reflector must state what they feel was good and bad about the incident. I understand that fatigue is a common issue with nurses as alot work long hard days sometimes without breaks, Van Dijk Swaen (2008, p1136) state that, Fatigue is a common complaint in the working population. Approximately 20% of the working population report symptoms that fall under the concept of fatigue. and I also recognize that fatigue can contribute toward errors in judgement and practice but I feel fatigue was not a massive factor in Mrs As care, it was more laziness on the nurses behalf rather than tiredness. Stage four of Gibbs (1988) is an analysis. (Will Expand) In conclusion, stage five of the Gibbs (1988) model, I am aware that all nurses do not hide patients call bells when they are getting tired or annoyed at the patients persistent calling but as I witnessed some nurses do. I will in future try to not let pressure stop me from doing the right thing and speaking up for a patient. I must strive to practice as safely as a can and do so in the patients best interest. Within my action plan my aim is to research further into how to help and deal with the patient in need of constant attention and find literature to help qualified nurses when dealing with the same problem. In conclusion my reflection skills have developed through the production of this essay. Using Gibbs model of reflection has helped me to structure my thoughts and feelings appropriately. My level of awareness concerning patients needs and feelings has been enhanced with the use of critical reflection. My competence, within this situation, has been further developed and I now feel that my personal and professional development is progressing. Using this reflective model has helped me to realise that my learning is something which I must be proactive in. Furthermore as a student nurse I have recognised that reflection is an important learning tool in practice. Reflection may help to develop knowledge of law and ethics as when we reflect an incident, legal and ethical issues may arise and be researched thus new knowledge will be learned and then used in relation to practice. Law affects almost everything we do Judith Hendrick (2000, p1). Law is either made by judges(common law) or parliament(statute law). Statute law is started as a bill or proposal made by the government, an individual MP or a member of the house of lords, it is debated and then either approved or denied with or without amendments. Statutes have been passed on most topics but some of those relevant to health care are; statutes establishing the NHS and modifying its structure and organisation and acts regulating the health care professions such as the Medical Act 1983 for doctors, nurses, midwifes and health visitors. This is primary legislation as it sets out basic rules for all in the UK to follow, secondary legislation is law made by an executive authority under powers given to them by primary legislation so for example the welsh assembly have delegated powers to implement requirements set out in primary legislation. Common law is law developed by judges through decisions of cases in court. It is based on precedent (legal principles developed in earlier cases). Statute law sets out a framework for the NHS and common law sets out the law of the land but nurses are also governed by 3 separate set of legal rules. Legal obligations to patients, Professional obligations to patients (imposed by the UKCC -will explain) and legal employment relationship, this outlines the employers right to have his staff perform at a professional standard and the staff to have the right to be treated properly. This is what I will include in the rest of my essay. NHS Trust BREACH OF THE CODE OF PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT: In this incident the following clauses are relevant: Clause 1. Act always in such a manner as to promote and safeguard the interests and wellbeing of patients and clients Clause 2. ensure that no action or omission on your par t, or within your sphere of responsibility, is detrimental to the interests, condition or safety of patients and clients . Clause 7. recognize and respect the uniqueness and dignity of each patient and client, and respond to their need of care, irrespective of their ethnic origin, religious beliefs, personal attributes, the nature of their health problems or any other factor Clause11. report to an appropriate person or authority, having regard to the physical, psychological and social effects on patients and clients, any circumstances in the environment of care which could jeopardize standards of practice

How to Mark a Book Essay -- Reading Literature Essays

How to Mark a Book missing works cited You know you have to read "between the lines" to get the most out of anything. I want to persuade you to do something equally important in the course of your reading. I want to persuade you to "write between the lines." Unless you do, you are not likely to do the most efficient kind of reading. I contend, quite bluntly, that marking up a book is not an act of mutilation but of love. You shouldn't mark up a book which isn't yours. Librarians (or your friends) who lend you books expect you to keep them clean, and you should. If you decide that I am right about the usefulness of marking books, you will have to buy them. Most of the world's great books are available today, in reprint editions. There are two ways in which one can own a book. The first is the property right you establish by paving for it, just as you pay for clothes and furniture. But this act of purchase is only the prelude to possession. Full ownership comes only when you have made it a part of yourself, and the best way to make yourself a part of it is by writing in it. An illustration may make the point clear. You buy a beefsteak and transfer it from the butcher's icebox to your own. But you do not own the beefsteak in the most important sense until you consume it and get it into your bloodstream. I am arguing that books, too, must be absorbed in your bloodstream to do you any good. Confusion about what it means to own a book leads people to a false reverence for paper, binding, and type - a respect for the physical thing - the craft of the printer rather than the genius of the author. They forget that it is possible for a man to acquire the idea, to possess the beauty, which a great book contain... ...em you can get through, but rather how many can get through you - how many you can make your own. A few friends are better than a thousand acquaintances. If this be your aim, as it should be, you will not be impatient if it takes more time and effort to read a great book than it does a newspaper. You may have one final objection to marking books. You can't lend them to your friends because nobody else can read them without being distracted by your notes. Furthermore, you won't want to lend them because a marked copy is a kind of intellectual diary, and lending it is almost like giving your mind away. If your friend wishes to read your "Plutarch's Lives," "Shakespeare," or "The Federalist Papers," tell him gently but firmly, to buy a copy. You will lend him your car or your coat - but your books are as much a part of you as your head or your heart.

Virginians and the Puritans :: essays research papers

The Virginians were better off than the Puritans were, because they had tobacco for a cash crop, they had a longer growing season, and they could trade and sell to England easier than the Puritans could. The Virginians were also more loosely structured than the Puritans, and were allowed to be individual people instead of one large mass. Smith and Bradford’s ways of leading their colonies were similar, yet so very different. Smith’s main concern was to make money and be famous. Bradford’s concept was to start a new life, and preach his own, new religion. Both had keeping their people’s health and well being a high priority. The idealistic colony for Bradford was a colony where people were religiously bonded, and kept together by the church. Smith was more interested in profit for himself, and let the people conduct themselves more freely. One of the main industries that the Virginians had was the harvesting and selling of tobacco. The good thing about this is that the majority of people in the 1700’s used tobacco. Of course the Puritans also had tobacco, but it was harder to grow up north because of the rocky terrain, and the difference in temperature. The Virginians found that selling tobacco was very profitable, and growing it was relatively simple. It was a fairly easy way to make money, and expended little effort. The Virginians had a longer growing season than the Puritans did, due to their latitude. The longer growing season not only allowed the Virginians to grow their cash crop tobacco longer, but also enabled them to grow fruits and vegetables longer into the year. This made winter less harsh for the Virginians. Smith liked the idea of being able to grow longer, because he profited from it. Bradford was more concerned with keeping his people faithful to God, and well from sickness. The Puritans had a growing season also, but not as long as the Virginians. The longer the growing season was, the longer money could be made, and produce be harvested. The Virginians could more readily trade and sell their cash crops to England, because they were partially funded by England. This made trips across the Atlantic less expensive for the Virginians. Not only did England fund the Virginians, but also the Virginians were welcomed with open arms, and the Puritans weren’t as much because they sought religious refuge, and were looked upon as outcasts. Virginia was a better-founded colony due to their

A Study Of Anatomy And Psychology Essay

The procedure in lifting the leg to climb a stair is a complex one which involves a huge amount of technology inter-transfer between the brain and the eventual skeletal muscle. There is initiation of the movement at the brain which is transmitted via specialized white fibre tracts to the hip flexors via the intermediate spinal cord, involving a very complex mechanism at the cellular level   The initiation of the   process is at the motor cortex (Ms I) of the brain. The primary motor area is located at the precentral gyrus of the frontal lobe. The area controlling the motion of the lower limbs lies towards the superior surface of the brain. Within this area lies the cell body of the primary neuron. These neurons are known as upper motor neurons (UMN). These UMNs receive modulating impulse from the inputs from the cerebellum and the basal ganglia via the extrapyramidal pathways. These tracts modulate the gross movement initiated at the frontal cortex. In turn these areas are modulated by afferent signals from ascending spino cerebellar, and spino-thalamic pathways. The complex the signal initiated at the nucleus of the cell body is transmitted electronically via the axon of the myelinated neuron via the mode of salutatory conduction. The myelin sheath which surrounds the axon of nerves that involve fast transport, breaks at intermediate regions known as Nodes of Ranvier. The electrical impulse moves in   a jumping manner at these nodes nerve transmission as a neural impulse, generated by the formation of a nerve action potential. Like all excitable tissue, nerves maintain a resting membrane potential that is the difference of voltage across the membrane of the neuron. In neurons this value is   – 70 mV. This voltage difference is maintained by the Na/K pump on the membranes. This impulse generated at the axon hillock is transmitted via the depolarizing phase which allows sodium ions ingress into cells via opening of the Na channels. This entry of Na in one portion allows activation of other Na channels, causing depolarization of the adjacent region of the neuron. Subsequently repolarization occurs via the opening of K channels, which restores the membrane potential. Thus this process continues which allows the transmission of impulse. Many such nerves together descend as the descending cortico spinal tract in the pyramidal system, which travels through the midbrain into the spinal cord, decussating at the level of midbrain( 90% of the fibres decussating and forming the lateral spinothalamic tract) and again at the level of spinal cord ( the other 10%, forming the anterior spinothalamic tract) . It is the former which is responsible for the lower limb movements. The cortico-spinal tract travels in the anterior horn cell of the spinal cord till the lumbar level where they synapse with the spinal ventral root neuron (lower motor neuron). A single post-synaptic neuron receives signals from many neurons. At the axon terminal, the propagation of impulses leads to release of neurotransmitters, which are stored in specialized vesicles. The released Ach diffuses into the synaptic cleft and binds with receptors on the post synaptic membrane to produce excitatory post synaptic potentials. This leads to generation and propagation of impulse in nerves which are destined to innervate the neuro-muscular junction. At the neuro-muscular junction, Ach is released, which diffuses into the synovial cleft and binds to receptors in the motor end plate, and triggers a muscle action potential. The released Ach is destroyed by the acetylcholinestrase. At the level of the sarcolemma of the muscles, the muscle AP travels along T-tubules, opening Ca release channels in the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Ca binds to troponin-tropomysin complex, which releases the myosin heads, these then bind to the actin thin filaments, and draws them closer to the M line. Meanwhile bringing the Z disc closer. This leads to muscle fibre contraction. This is a self propagating sequence eventually leading to the contraction of ilio-psoas muscle, which causes the flexion of thigh on the pelvis. Each nerve fibre innervates many musle fibres ( about 150). This is   the motor unit. The greater the number of motor units recruited by the nerve action potential, the greater the force of contraction of the muscles. In the spinal cord, nerve impulse travels along the lumbar plexus (L1-L5) to innervate the iliopsoas ( hip flexion- ilio-inguinal nerve), biceps femors, semitendinosus and semimembranosus ( knee flexion – sciatic nerve), ankle flexors ( EHl, EDL, TA – tibial nerve), leading to the person climbing the step. This excitatory impulse is also associated with the production of inhibitory action potential ( hyperpolarizing impulse) in the antagonists (eg the glutei, which must relax to allow flexors to act. In the event of raising of the upper limb above the head, to lift a book, the impulse travels along the cortico spinal tract till the level of the cervical cord to synapse with the lower motor neurons of the brachial plexus ( C3-T1). From here the nerve impulses travel to shoulder elevators ( supraspinatus, deltoid, trapezius, and latissimus dorsi)- posterior cord ), elbow extensor ( triceps and anconeus – radial nerve) wrist extensor ( ECRL, ECRB – radial nerve), finger flexors ( FDS, FDP – median nerve and the ulnar nerve)   and the intrinsics – ulnar nerve and the median nerve)